Next-Generation Internet of Things (IoT): Opportunities, Challenges, then Solutions

Yousaf Bin Zikria

1Department of Information and Statement Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeungsan, Gyeungbuk 38541, Korea; rk.Ca.Uny@airkiznibfasuoy

Rashid Ali

2School of Intelligent Mechatronics Production, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; rk.Ca.Gnojes@iladihsar

Muhammad Khalil Afzal

3COMSATS University, Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantt 47010, Pakistan; kp.Ude.Hawtiic@lazfalilahk

Sung Won Kim

1Department of Statistics and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeungsan, Gyeungbuk 38541, Korea; rk.Ca.Uny@airkiznibfasuoy

It is anticipated that by using 2025, all gadgets can be related to the Internet, eventually causing the quantity of devices related with the Internet to rise. As indicated through Cisco, there might be 500 billion devices linked with the Internet of Things (IoT) via 2030. Furthermore, Telefonica anticipates that ninety% of motors could be associated with the IoT by using 2030 and forecasts that all people can have a mean of 15 related gadgets by then. However, a overview in 2015 proposed that extra than 250 million related motors will be to be had globally by 2020—an boom of sixty seven%. The IoT gives numerous commercial possibilities that permit industries to create novel techniques and fashions to actualize their ideas. Such commercial possibilities moreover lead to powerful and innovative exam possibilities for researchers and specialists in multi-disciplinary studies areas, for that reason combining studies studies, engineering abilities, sciences and humanities all beneath one umbrella. Additionally, IoT is converting the world right into a clever global wherein the entirety is efficiently available quickly. A few smart packages are shown in Figure 1. Generally, industries will interact in activate speculation to deal with ventures relying on the improvement level of the IoT technology. Simultaneously, IoT is inflicting our livelihood to flourish. These new technological improvements are making it manageable to include this technology global, even as the consumer’s great of enjoy (QoE) and packages’ first-class of provider (QoS) prerequisites are expanding significantly. Several researchers were continuously operating to boost and develop new strategies to evolve to those phenomena. As proven in Figure 1, IoT packages are noticeably diverse and include actual-time multimedia, IoT-based totally healthcare systems, IoT-based subsequent-technology clever industries and IoT-primarily based next-technology smart agriculture. Besides safety requirements, gratifying utility necessities is a crucial challenge; dwelling in a virus scenario requires speedy information analysis and prediction mechanisms. Besides, the problems and challenges associated with get right of entry to technology, consisting of spectrum shortage, are every other critical subject concerning the sharing of most advantageous assets between massive numbers of IoT devices. Utilizing AI-based totally answers to permit dynamic and adaptive technologies is one of the potential ways ahead on this area. 

Next-era Internet of Things (IoT)-based programs.

Consequently, this Special Issue has attracted researchers from academia and industries to analyze the possibilities for subsequent-era IoT-based totally user scenarios and take a look at their effect on the solutions of the issues and demanding situations mentioned above and propose possible solutions. Several researchers have contributed to distinct regions of interest related to next-era IoT-based totally programs and consumer situations, such as the following:

Industrial IoT: The development of smart industries has had a big and enduring impact on the inevitable future of world manufacturing. Industry four.0 has consolidated smart enterprise into cyber-physical technology, making intricate improvements more proficient and powerful and enhancing the performance, nice, controllability, management and fairness of business measures in developing IoT-based totally smart industries. Next-era less expensive sensing improvements are primary necessities for information series and strong execution by using manufacturing industries and supply chains. Simultaneously, a fantastic deal of research has been carried out that has targeted its interest on breaking down the economic performance and utilization of facilities. Most manufacturers want a profound knowledge of the evaluation among standard and pioneering production plant frameworks, as well as the wide association of sensor improvements associated with Industry four.0. In , the authors highlight the extraordinary to be had sensor technologies of Industry 4.Zero and show the distinction among traditional and smart industries. Moreover, the authors evaluate the prevailing demanding situations that have been addressed in smart industry studies and hence provide an extensive review of the related studies on smart industries. The authors additionally summarize the variations between conventional and smart commercial centers, define the various styles of sensors applied in a clever manufacturing unit and plan for destiny exploration, which incorporates the lively development of Industry four.0 for clever industries. 

Healthcare IoT: Some pathologies overtly influence society, causing popular healthcare issues. For instance, pneumonic infections and continual obstructive pulmonary ailment (COPD) are currently the 0.33 leading cause of death, even as tuberculosis is the 9th leading purpose, with 1.7 million deaths and over 10.Four million in addition occurrences. Studies show that computational strategies, which includes IoT-primarily based technologies, make contributions to health-associated records analyses of lung pathologies by way of automated tomography (CT). In , the authors endorse any other version reliant on IoT-primarily based structures for the association and department of pneumonic CT scans, making use of the machine gaining knowledge of (ML) technique for great getting to know techniques together with Parzen’s opportunity distribution. Their proposed model uses an utility programming interface (API) thinking about the Internet of Medical Things to describe lung photographs. The technique turned into discovered to be efficient, with effects above 98% precision when accumulating aspiratory pix. The version continued to the lung division level, utilizing the Mask R-CNN enterprise approach to make an aspiratory manual and use adjustment to find the pneumonic fringes on the CT photograph. The proposed method become performed in a higher manner than one-of-a-kind works within the literature, arriving at high division dimension values; for instance, an accuracy of ninety eight.34% was carried out. In addition to the department time of 5.43 s and the improvement on different change getting to know fashions, their proposed manner sticks out most of the others as it's far completely computerized.